Use words, phrases, or passages that represent something else {figurative language}| {figure of speech}.
Deviate from ordinary usage {figure, rhetoric}.
Use one word for whole sentence {holophrasis}.
Use diminutives, pet names, or endearment terms {hypocoristic}.
Words {metaphor, rhetoric} can describe something as if it is something else, compare two things without using connective, or substitute for other words.
examples
Sarcasm, hyperbole, and indirect speech are metaphor examples.
predicates, not subjects
Metaphors express similarities in predicates. Subject, object, or event can be analogy to another subject, object, or event.
relations
Narration uses simple phrases, about one thing. Relation nests and inverts two simple phrases to make complex phrase. Metaphors and models are relations of relations, among three things: topic, analogous topic, and purpose.
types
Metaphor {submerged metaphor} can make implicit comparison. Using two metaphors at once is often confusing {mixed metaphor}. Metaphors {dead metaphor} can no longer have meaning, because time has obscured their references.
Give human attributes to non-human things {personification}.
Use a connective, such as "as", "then", "like", or "seems", followed by a comparison {simile}|.
Use words, phrases, or passages that represent something else {symbol, rhetoric}.
Describe sense data using another sense {synesthesia, rhetoric}.
Use words, phrases, or passages that represent something else {trope, rhetoric}.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225